APPENDIX E

Definitions 

1.      Apparatus: All electrical and electronic appliances together with equipment and installations containing electrical and/or electronic components.  

2.      Component: 1. An assembly, or part thereof, that is essential to the operation of some larger assembly and is an immediate subdivision of the assembly to which it belongs.  Note: For example, a radio receiver may be a component of a complete radio set consisting of a combined transmitter-receiver, i.e., transceiver.  The same radio receiver could also be a subsystem of the combined transmitter-receiver, in which case the IF amplifier section, items, such as resistor, capacitor, vacuum tubes and transistors, are components of that section.  2. In logistics, a part, or combination of parts having a specified function, that can only be installed or replaced as an entity.  3. In material, an assembly or any combination of parts, subassemblies, and assemblies mounted together in manufacture, assembly, and maintenance.   

3.      Degradation: 1.  The deterioration in quality, level, or standard of performance of a functional unit.  2.  In communications, a condition in which one or more of the required performance parameters fall outside predetermined limits, resulting in a lower quality of service.  Note: Degradation is usually categorized as either “graceful” or “catastrophic.”   

4.      EC Type-Examination Certificate: This is a document in which a notified body referred to in Article 10 of the EMC Directive 89/336 certifies that the type of equipment examined complies with the provisions of the Directive that concern it.  

5.      Electromagnetic Compatibility: The ability of a device, unit of equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.   

6.      Electromagnetic Disturbance: Any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a device, unit of equipment of system.  An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself.   

7.      Harmonic: 1. Of a sinusoidal wave, an integral multiple of the frequency of the wave.  Note: The frequency of the sine wave is called the fundamental frequency or the first harmonic, the second harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency, the third harmonic is thrice the fundamental frequency, etc.  2. Of a periodic signal or other periodic phenomenon, such as an electromagnetic wave or a sound wave, a component frequency of the signal that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency.  Note: The fundamental frequency is the reciprocal of the period of the periodic phenomenon.

8.      High Tech: Computers and office equipment, semiconductors, communications equipment, consumer electronics, electronic components, industrial electronics, photonics, and electro-medical equipment; unless otherwise defined within the project.

9.      Immunity: The ability of a device, unit of equipment or system to perform without degradation of quality in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance.

10.  Information Technology: see high tech

11.  Interference: 1.  In general, extraneous energy, from natural or man-made sources, that impedes the reception of desired signals.  2.  A coherent emission having a relatively narrow spectral content, e.g., a radio emission from another transmitter at approximately the same frequency, or having a harmonic frequency approximately the same as, another emission of interest to a given recipient, and which impedes reception of the desired signal by the intended recipient.  Note: In the context of this definition, interference is distinguished from noise in that the latter is an incoherent emission from a natural source (e.g., lightning) or a man-made source, of a character unlike that of the desired signal (e.g., commutator noise from rotating machinery) and which usually has a broad spectral content.  3.  The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiation, or inductions upon reception in a radio communication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy.  4.  The interaction of two or more coherent or partially coherent waves, which interaction produces a resultant wave that differs from the original waves in phase, amplitude, or both.  Note: Interference may be constructive or destructive, i.e., it may result in increased amplitude or decreased amplitude, respectively.  Two waves equal in frequency and amplitude, and out of phase by 180 degrees, will completely cancel one another.  In phase, they create a resultant wave having twice the amplitude of either interfering beam.  

12.  Noise: 1. An undesired disturbance within the frequency band of interest; the summation of unwanted or disturbing energy introduced into a communications system from man-made and natural sources.  2. A disturbance that affects a signal and that may distort the information carried by the signal.  3.  Random variations of one or more characteristics of any entity such as voltage, current, or data.  4.  A random signal of known statistical properties of amplitude, distribution, and spectral density.  5.  Loosely, any disturbance tending to interfere with the normal operation of a device or system. 

13.  Signal: 1. Detectable transmitted energy that can be used to carry information.  2. A time-dependent variation of a characteristic of a physical phenomenon, used to convey information.  3. As applied to electronics, any transmitted electrical impulse.  4. Operationally, a type of message, the text of which consists of one or more letters, words, characters, signal flags, visual displays, or special sounds, with prearranged meaning and which is conveyed or transmitted by visual, acoustical, or electrical means. 

14.  Standard: 1. Guideline documentation that reflects agreements on products, practices, or operations by nationally or internationally recognized industrial, professional, trade associations or governmental bodies.  Note: This concept applies to formal, approved standards, as contrasted to de facto standards and proprietary standards, which are exceptions to this concept.  2. An exact value, a physical entity, or an abstract concept, established and defined by authority, custom, or common consent to serve as a reference, model, or rule in measuring quantities, establishing practices or procedures, or evaluating results.  A fixed quantity or quality.

15.  Switch Mode Power Supply: A switch mode power supply is a widely used circuit nowadays and it is used in a system such as a computer, television receiver, battery charger, etc.  The switching frequency is usually above 20kHz, so that the noise produced by it is above the audio range. It is also used to provide a variable DC voltage to armature of a DC motor in a variable speed drive.  It is used in a high-frequency unity-power factor circuit. 

16.  Technical Regulation: Document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory.  It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method.   

                                                            APPENDIX F

Abbreviations

1.      EMC:               electromagnetic compatibility

2.      EMI:                electromagnetic interference

3.      IEC:                  International Electrotechnical Commission

4.      WTO:              World Trade Organization

5.      ITA:                 Information Technology Agreement

6.      LFE:                  Low Frequency Emissions

7.      CENELEC:       European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

8.      ANSI:               American National Standards Institute

9.      USNC:              United States National Committee (of the IEC)

10.  USCCEMC:       United States Coordinating Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility

11.  .TABD:              TransAltantic Business Dialogue

12.  EPSMA:             European Power Supply Manufacturers Association

13.  EICTA:               European Information and Communications Technology IndustriesAssociation

14. AEA:                   American Electronics Association

15. CHEI:                   Coalition on Harmonic Emission Issues (a fictitious organization proposed for   
                                   creation in this project)

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