|
People
|
Interests
|
Options
|
Objective Criteria
|
BATNA
|
|
Flower Marketing Cooperative
|
Export
& deliver quality cut flowers to
Japan
.
Lower
shipment costs and losses.
Expand
market
Raise
profits
Market/distribution
access.
Alternative
to methyl bromide (MB) as pest extermination tool.
Cosmopolitan
bug declared as non-threatening to
Japan
. MB
spraying unnecessary.
|
Fulfill
Japanese SPS zero tolerance levels.
Persuade
Japan
to
lower its tolerance level to a reasonable level.
Approach
USDA to investigate issues with
Japan
.
Stop
cut-flower shipments to
Japan
.
Pre-shipment
inspection by Japanese – USDA pilot project to absorb part of
the export costs.
Identify
a Japanese freight forwarder and wholesaler.
New
post-harvest research on cost- and pest-effective alternatives
to methyl bromide.
Pre-shipment
inspection by Japanese.
USDA/EPA
approval of MB alternatives.
Research
cosmopolitan bug status.
|
Rules
cannot be changed.
Research
risk of pests to prove pests are non-threatening to Japanese
flower industry.
Establish
pre-inspection program used by the orange industry for exports
to
Japan
.
Document
unsuccessful delivery of product to customs due to complications
created by Japanese distributors.
Pest
extermination rates, cost and effect on flowers.
Cost
and success of pre-shipment inspection.
Codex
definition of cosmopolitan bugs.
WTO
SPS rules
|
WTO
Dispute Panel
Pressure
Japanese to approve a post-harvest alternative to methyl
bromide.
Alternative
to MB.
|
|
Florimex
Sydney Office
|
Piggyback
supply with
U.S.
producers during Australian off-season.
Maintain
year round supply. Generate year round demand.
|
Identify
another producer outside the
U.S.
to
supply flowers to
Japan
.
Increase
price during Australian growing/export season.
|
Japanese
demand for Australian cut flowers.
Cost
to stockpile and effectiveness of doing so.
Japanese
consumer willing to pay a high price for flower? Demand = Cost?
|
Identify
alternative supplier.
Increase
price of product during Australian growing/export season.
|
|
Florimex
Japan
Office
|
Off
season - piggy back with
U.S.
supplier.
Maintain
year round supply. Generate year round demand.
Assist
SDPF in successful delivery of product to
Japan
.
|
Identify
another producer outside the
U.S.
to
supply flowers to
Japan
.
Stop
sales of these varieties in off-season.
Increase
price of product during Australian growing/export season.
Identify
self as Japanese entity.
Identify
a successful freight forwarder for SDPF.
Aid
SDPF in customs clearance.
Work
with USDA and SDPF to lower Japanese barriers to trade.
Support
U.S.
effort
to open trade with
Japan
through bilateral negotiations with MOFA.
|
Climate
availability.
Japanese
consumer willing to pay a high price for flower? Demand = Cost?
Freight
forwarders success in getting products to Japan’s market in a
timely manner.
.
|
Identify
another supplier of the varieties.
Increase
price of product during Australian growing/export season.
|
|
Japanese
Retailers
|
Year
round supply of wax flower and protea.
|
Source
product from
U.S.
Pressure
Japanese government to lower non-tariff barriers.
Depend
only on Australian supply.
|
Japanese
demand for flowers.
|
Do
nothing to assist
U.S.
shipments.
|
|
USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS)
|
Helping
SDPF penetrate Japanese and other export markets.
Opportunity
to
demonstrate Japanese SPS regulations prohibit the entrance of
U.S.
agricultural products.
Provide
U.S.
cut-flower industry opportunity to recover from preferential
U.S.
legislation provided to Colombian flower producers.
Expand
U.S.
exports.
|
Assign
division within FAS to investigate problem.
Extended
work on
Japan
’s
non-tariff barriers.
Push
further liberalization of
Japan
’s
SPS standards.
Bilateral
negotiation with MOFA.
Push
USDA to take case to Japanese.
Provide
export assistance to SDPF (export credits, market support.)
Develop
FAS programs to address such issues.
Have
embassy ag office help cut-flower exporters.
|
Number
of ag sectors that gain access to the Japanese market
U.S.-Japanese
impasses on other ag disputes.
U.S.-Japan
resolutions that deal with SPS and non-tariff barrier issues.
Success
of USDA export programs that assist small exporters penetrate
the Japanese market.
Support
of sector by Chris Goldwaite.
1997
SPS WTO dispute panel ruling against
Japan
.
|
USDA
participation in identifying market barriers.
WTO
Dispute Panel
Provide
export assistance to SDPF (export credits, market research).
|
|
USTR
|
Expand
U.S.
exports.
Eliminate
barriers to trade.
Liberalization
according to WTO rules.
|
Bilateral
negotiation with MOFA.
WTO
dspute settlement.
Letter
to MITI outlining
U.S.
concerns.
|
Document
the presence of cosmopolitan pests in
Japan
and
the lack of market access.
International
SPS & market access standards.
USTR
1997 SPS WTO dispute panel case against
Japan
.
|
WTO
dispute settlement
|
|
U.S.
State Department
|
Maintain
good relations with
Japan
.
Expand
U.S.
trade.
|
Pressure
Japanese to lower SPS standards & improve market access.
Pressure
USDA & USTR to take official action.
|
Changes
in non-tariff barriers that keep
U.S.
products out of Japanese market and are prohibited under WTO
rules.
|
Pressure
USTR and USDA to take action against
Japan
.
|
|
California Department of Food & Agriculture (CDFA)
|
Promote
California
agricultural export interests.
Maintain
competitiveness of Californian cut-flower industry.
|
Push
USDA to take SDPF case to the WTO.
California
trade policy office could take on case.
Provide
export assistance.
|
WTO
SPS rules.
SPS
dispute panel rulings.
State
& fed government export programs.
|
WTO
dispute settlement
|
|
Congressmen from CA & FL
|
Maintain
cut-flower industry in district.
Obtain
other Federal assistance for industry.
Relieve
pressure on industry from cheap Colombian flowers.
Jobs
= Re-election Votes
|
Pressure
USDA to provide assistance through export programs.
Pressure
USTR & USDA to enter bilateral negotiation with MOFA.
Push
for direct export assistance for SDPF and other cut-flower
exporters.
|
Available
federal export programs.
WTO
SPS and Market Access rules.
WTO
dispute panel rulings.
Health
of cut-flower industry.
|
Push
for bilateral negotiation with MOFA.
Push
for WTO dispute settlement.
|
|
Japanese
Cut- Flower Grower
|
Limit
foreign competition in Japanese cut-flower industry.
Protect
dying Japanese agricultural industry and lifestyle. (If let one
in, will have to let the rest.)
Informally
regulate the entrance of foreign produce. (Sons are customs
officials,)
|
Bilateral
negotiations with
U.S.
representatives.
Pressure
government to maintain SPS and non-tariff barriers for foreign
competition.
|
Each
country sets own SPS standards based on hard science.
All
ag imports to
Japan
face
same regulations.
|
Wait
out the process.
|
|
Japanese
Ministry of Agriculture
Japanese
Ministry of Agriculture
|
Maintain
zero tolerance SPS levels to prevent the entrance of foreign
Agricultural products.
Island
nation stance.
Protect
Japanese flower growers.
Protect
entire agricultural industry from international competition.
Cannot
give-up ground if want to maintain protection for all Japanese
agricultural markets.
|
Do
nothing.
Stonewall
U.S.
until,
U.S.
gives
up on initial goal and allows for small Japanese concessions.
Enter
bilateral negotiations with the
U.S.
if
requested.
Concede
only the minimum.
If
backed into corner will not make concessions—want to maintain
protection for all Japanese agricultural markets.
|
Each
country sets own SPS standards based on hard science.
All
ag imports to
Japan
face
same regulations.
|
Wait
out the process.
|
|
MITI, Japanese Trade Ministry
|
Maintain
trade policy that blocks foreign imports.
Maintain
closed distribution structure.
|
Maintain
traditional Japanese trade structure.
Do
not allow
U.S.
access
to cut-flower market.
Maintain
closed Japanese market structure.
Do
not offer concessions to U.S. Wear negotiators down without
conceding to their demands.
|
Each
country sets own SPS standards based on hard science.
|
Do
not offer concessions to U.S. Wear negotiators down without
conceding to their demands.
|
|
Colombian Cut-Flower Importers
|
Provide
low cost product to Japanese market.
Establish
protocol with
Japan
so can
compete with
Australia
and
U.S.
in
Japanese market.
|
Establish
contacts that will facilitate trade flows with
Japan
.
Push
Japan
to
sign protocol for cut flowers before the
U.S.
|
Stable
long-term relationships to ensure trade relationship.
Protocols
signed by
Japan
with
other countries.
|
Ad
hoc exports to Japanese market.
|